Grocery prices often move in ways that don’t match what shoppers see in stores. A lot happens before products reach the shelf: farming costs, fuel, packaging, labor, and even global commodity swings can shift the final price. Retailers add their own markups, and supply‑chain disruptions can push costs higher even when demand stays the same. Curious which of these factors has the strongest impact today and how much of the price is shaped long before the product arrives at the store.